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WEBJX.COM：不要说你看不懂 只是你不愿意看。：） IthoughtI'dsharesomeofmyhabitswhenitcomestodoingCSSworkandletmewarnyou,someofwhatIhavetosayisprobablyalittlecontroversial.Butwhat'slifewithoutlivingitontheedge.(Yeah,IliveanexcitinglifewhenCSSisconsidered'theedge'.)pxforfontsizes-用px作为字体大小的单位 Sacrilege,Iknow.ThereareperfectlygoodwaystogetconsistentfontsizingandIreallyshouldusethembutInternetExploreristheonlybrowserthatIcanthinkofthatdoesn'tresizetext.IfthemajorityofyouraudienceusesIE,thenbenicetothemanddon'tusepixels.Otherwise,IfigurewithIE7supportingit,pixelsarethenewems. Whenusingpixelsizes,Ialsogettobesparinginmyusage.Ispecifyitonthebodyandanyheadersthatneedit.Inheritanceislessofanissue(howmanysiteshaveyouseenlistitemsinexplicablysmallerthantherestofthecontentlikeitwaslessimportant).CSSdeclarationsononeline-CSS声明写在一行 I'vealwaysputmyentiredeclarationononeline.Here'sanexampletoexplainwhatImean:h2{font-size:18px;border:1pxsolidblue;color:#000;background-color:#FFF;}h2{font-size:18px;border:1pxsolidblue;color:#000;background-color:#FFF; } Thesecondonemaylookprettierbutitsuredoesn'thelpmefindanything.Whenlookingforsomethinginastylesheet,themostimportantthingistheruleset(that'sthepartbeforethe{and}).I'mlookingforanelement,anidoraclass.Havingeverythingononelinemakesscanningthedocumentmuchquickerasyousimplyseemoreonapage.OnceI'vefoundtherulesetIwaslookingfor,findthepropertyIwantisusuallystraightforwardenoughastherearerarelythatmany.BlockingtheStyles-代码分块 Ibreakdownmystylesheetintothreeseparateblocks.Thefirstisstraightelementdeclarations.Changethebody,somelinksstyles,someheaderstyles,resetmarginsandpaddingonforms,andsoon.ThisisusuallyasmallblockasIonlyliketoredefinewhatIneedto.Noglobalmarginandpaddingresetforme.Iclearthebodyandformandmaybeadjustparagraphifthedesignreallyneedsit.Otherwise,letthebrowserhandleit.Ifindthemoreyoutrytooverridewhatthebrowserdoes,themorestylesyouhavetoputin,whichsimplyaddstothetimetotrackdownbugsandmaintainthecode. Afterelementdeclarations,Ihavemyclassdeclarations;thingslikeclassesforanerrormessageoracalloutwouldgohear.Iusuallyonlyhaveacoupleofthese. Finally,themeat.Istartbydeclaringmymaincontainersandthenanystylesforelementswithinthosecontainersareindented.Ataquickglance,Icanseehowmypageisbrokendownandmakesiteasiertoknowwheretolookforthings.I'llalsodeclarecontainerseveniftheydon'thaveanyrules.#content{float:left;}#contentp{...}#sidebar{float:left;}#sidebarp{...}#footer{clear:both;}#sidebarp{...} BrowserSupport-浏览器兼容 Supportonlythelatestbrowsers.ThatmeansdroppingsupportforIE5andIE5.5.Lotsoftimeandefforttobesavedhere.NoboxmodelhacksneededforIE6.Infact,insupportingjustthemostrecentversionsofbrowsers,Iendupusingveryfewhacks.AlongwithusingveryfewhacksmeansIcanavoidshovellingdifferentstylesheetstoseparatebrowsers.Ihaveonesheet,andthat'sit.AnyhacksIdousearenormallycommentedassuch.Similartotheuseofpixelmeasurements,youhavetoconsideryouraudiencebeforedroppingbrowsersupport. ThebiggestthingformeisstilltriggeringhasLayoutinIEtodofloatcontainmentandI'vebeenusingzoom:1forthat.Ilikeitbecauseit'sinnocuousandshouldn'tmesswithanythingelse.ContainingFloats-“包含”式浮动 Ijusttouchedonfloatcontainmentsolet'sexpandonthat.Mycurrentapproachtocontainingfloatsisusingoverflow:hidden(withpossiblyzoom:1forInternetExplorer).Noclearingdivoruseof:after.Onlyworryaboutcontainingyourfloatsifyouhaveabackgroundyouaretryingtosetonyourcontainer.Theoverflowshouldbesetonthecontainer. Keepinmindthatthecontentwithinthecontainershouldbedesignedtostaywithinthecontainer.Anythingtoobigandit'llgetclipped.Shiftingthingsusingnegativemarginsoutsidethecontainerwillalsogetclipped.UnderstandOverflow-理解与使用溢出 OverflowisusuallywherepeoplegetbitbyIE.Ifyou'vegottwofloatedelementsandthecontentfromtheleftcontaineroverflowsthen,inIE,thecontainergrowsandinevitablypushestherightcontainerbelowit.Thisisusuallyasignthatyou'vemessedupyourmargins,widths,orpaddingononeofthesecontainersbutFirefox(etal)won'trevealthis.Usingsomethinglikeoverflow:hiddenoroverflow:scrollonacontainercanhelppreventIEfromallowingthecontenttopushthewidthofthecontainerbutyou'rebetterofftryingtofixtheissueinthedesign.AllowBlockElementstoFillTheirSpaceNaturally-允许块元素的空白 Myruleofthumbis,ifIsetawidth,Idon'tsetmarginorpadding.Likewise,ifI'msettingamarginorpadding,Idon'tsetawidth.Dealingwiththeboxmodelcanbesuchapain,especiallyifyou'redealingwithpercentages.Therefore,Isetthewidthonthecontainersandthensetmarginandpaddingontheelementswithinthem.Everythingusuallyturnsoutswimmingly.UseCSSShorthand-使用CSS属性缩写 ThismightseemlikebeatingadeadhorsebutIstillseepeopledoingreallyverbosestatementswherethey'resettingmargin-top,margin-right,margin-bottomandmargin-left.Mygeneralruleofthumbis,youcanusethelongformonlyifyou'resettingoneside.Onceyouhavetosetmorethanoneside,it'lltakelessbytestouseshorthand. Inshorthand,rememberthatthepropertiesstartatthetopandworkclockwise.margin:toprightbottomleft;It'salsohandytoknowtheshorterformsifyouhaveequalvaluesfortopandbottomorleftandright.margin:5px10px20px;margin:10px20px;margin:0; Forborder,ifyouonlyhavetosetmorethanonesidedifferentlythenusetwodeclarations.Thefirsttosetallsides,andthenasecondtochangethevaluesforoneoftheproperties.border:1pxsolidblue;border-width:001px1px;AvoidUnnecessarySelectors-避免多余的选择器 Justspecifytheminimumnumberofselectorsnecessaryforthestyle.Ifyoufindyourselfdoingulli{...}ortabletrtd{...}thenyou'rebeingmoreverbosethanyouneed.LI'swillinevitablybeinUL's(okay,IsupposetheycouldfindthemselvesinOL's,inwhichcase,bemorespecificforthosestyles)andaTDwillinevitablybeinaTRandaTABLE. OrputtingtheelementnameinfrontofanIDselector(Example:div#navigation).Iusedtodothisbecauseit'dhelpme"remember"whichelementtheIDison.Asitturnsout,Itendtousesimilarclassnamesfromprojecttoprojectandtheyinevitablyappearonthesameelements.Ialsotendtojustdoasearchtofindwheresomethingis.So,thesedays,Ijustleaveitat#navigation. Usinglessselectorswillmeanlessselectorswillbeneededtooverrideanyparticularstyle—thatmeansit'seasiertotroubleshoot.KeepitSimple-保持简洁 Ifithasn'tbeenevidentthroughoutthispost,onlyaddwhenyouneedto,andthatincludeshacks.Noneedtogetanymorecomplicatedthanyouneedto. Now,I'dlovetohearsomeofyourtips.来源：爱蒂网
