今天小编跟大家讲解下有关css教程:css指令,兼容,注释,selector ,相信小伙伴们对这个话题应该有所关注吧,小编也收集到了有关css教程:css指令,兼容,注释,selector 的相关资料,希望小伙伴们看了有所帮助。
1.2 跟css有关的标记 指令1.2.1 link<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sheet1.css" media="all" />link标记的用意是允许将html与其他文档相关联。Css用link将css文档与html文档想关联。Css文档虽然不是html的一部分 但是被html使用 从外部style sheets引入它。link在head元素内 但是不能放在任意head子元素的内部 比如title。Css文档的后缀名虽然不要求 但是有些浏览器不能识别非“.css”的文件。link的属性: rel:代表relation 设为stylesheet。 type:描述数据的类型 设为text/css 告诉浏览器style sheet是css格式的。以后还会有其他的style sheet 比如xsl。 href:style sheet的url。 Media:指定style sheet的使用范围。下列大多数值还不被任何浏览器支持 常用的是all print screen。Opera支持projection。可以为media指定多个值 比如media="screen, projection"all Use in all presentational media.aural Use in speech synthesizers, screen readers, and other audio renderings of the document.braille Use when rendering the document with a Braille device.embossed Use when printing with a Braille printing device.handheld Use on handheld devices like personal digital assistants or web-enabled cell phones.print Use when printing the document for sighted users and also when displaying a "print preview" of the document.projection Use in a projection medium, such as a digital projector used to present a slideshow when delivering a speech.screen Use when presenting the document in a screen medium like a desktop computer monitor. All web browsers running on such systems are screen-medium user agents.tty Use when delivering the document in a fixed-pitch environment like teletype printers.tv Use when the document is being presented on a television. Title:利用title定义多个css文档相互替换的关系。 比如存在如下定义: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sheet1.css" title="Default" /><link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bigtext.css" title="Big Text" /><link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="zany.css" title="Crazy colors!" />那么能同时支持多个css定义的浏览器中会有如下表现: 还可以通过将title设定为相同的value来分组:<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="sheet1.css" title="Default" media="screen" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="print-sheet1.css" title="Default" media="print" /><link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="bigtext.css" title="Big Text" media="screen" /><link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="print-bigtext.css" title="Big Text" media="print" />上面的表述意为:css被title分为两组 default和Big Text。又每一组又被分为print和screen。如果有多个link元素 那么只有rel等于stylesheet的link可用。如果可用的link有多个 就会将它们同时作用于html文档 如下:<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="basic.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="splash.css" />1.2.2 stylestyle是引入style sheet最通用的方式。<style type="text/css">type:style总是使用type属性 当使用css时 type的值是“text/css”。Media:与link中一样。style以<style type="text/css">开头 以</style>结束 中间是多个styles。这些styles或者指向style sheet文档 或者以内嵌的方式表达。Style元素可以包含多个styles [email protected] sheet的链接。1.2.3 @import指令用法:<style type="text/css">@import url(styles.css); @import url(blueworld.css);@import url(zany.css);h1 {color: gray;}</style>可见其作用类似link l 通知浏览器将外部style sheet载入。l 并且可以载入多个style sheet。区别是l [email protected] 并且必须在其他css规则之前。l 每一个import的style sheet都会被使用 没有替代规则。相对于link的media属性 import有:@import url(sheet2.css) all;@import url(blueworld.css) screen;@import url(zany.css) projection, print;@import的重要用途:在导入的某个style sheet A中 A需要也使用外部的style sheet 这时link元素显然无用。比如css文档中 是不可能出现link元素的 [email protected] 如下:@import url(http://example.org/library/layout.css);@import url(basic-text.css);@import url(printer.css) print;body {color: red;}h1 {color: blue;}1.3 与老版本浏览器的兼容问题浏览器对不能识别的tag一律忽略。但是如果浏览器不能识别style元素 style会以普通文本的形式出现在网页的最上面。解决方案:在style里面加上注释符号 这样旧版本的浏览器不会以文本方式显示 新版本浏览器可以正确使用style元素。具体如下:<style type="text/css"><[email protected] url(sheet2.css);h1 {color: maroon;}body {background: yellow;}--></style>1.4 css中的注释css的注释类似c:Comments can span multiple lines, just as in C :但是注意:css的注释不能被嵌套。1.5内联风格inline style将style放到html元素描述的地方 就是inline style<p style="color: gray;">The most wonderful of all breakfast foods is the waffle--a ridged and cratered slab of home-cooked, fluffy goodness...</p>这个style属性是一个新属性 可以用到出现body元素中的所有元素上。可以看到style的值是一个字符串 使用和css一样的语法。但是这个字符串只能是一个风格声明块declaration [email protected]�[email protected]�:inline style不被推荐使用 在xhtml1.1中inline style是反对的deprecated。因为 它显示违背数据和显示分离的原则。这个原则也是使用css的原因。2 selectorcss核心的特点是将规则应用到元素集上的能力。Css2规范种关于selector的部分 http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/selector.html css的模式匹配pattern matching规则(css规范 地址如上): Pattern Meaning Described in section * Matches any element. Universal selector E Matches any E element (i.e., an element of type E). Type selectors E F Matches any F element that is a descendant of an E element. Descendant selectors E > F Matches any F element that is a child of an element E. Child selectors E:first-child Matches element E when E is the first child of its parent. The :first-child pseudo-class E:linkE:visited Matches element E if E is the source anchor of a hyperlink of which the target is not yet visited (:link) or already visited (:visited). The link pseudo-classes E:activeE:hoverE:focus Matches E during certain user actions. The dynamic pseudo-classes E:lang(c) Matches element of type E if it is in (human) language c (the document language specifies how language is determined). The :lang() pseudo-class E F Matches any F element immediately preceded by an element E. Adjacent selectors E[foo] Matches any E element with the "foo" attribute set (whatever the value). Attribute selectors E[foo="warning"] Matches any E element whose "foo" attribute value is exactly equal to "warning". Attribute selectors E[foo~="warning"] Matches any E element whose "foo" attribute value is a list of space-separated values, one of which is exactly equal to "warning". Attribute selectors E[lang|="en"] Matches any E element whose "lang" attribute has a hyphen-separated list of values beginning (from the left) with "en". Attribute selectors DIV.warning HTML only. The same as DIV[class~="warning"]. Class selectors E#myid Matches any E element ID equal to "myid". ID selectors来源:爱蒂网